Perception+of+Stimuli


 * Option E: Neurobiology and Behaviour **
 * E2: Perception of Stimuli **

// E2.1 Outline the diversity of stimuli that can be detected by human sensory recetors, including mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors and photoreceptors. //

// E2.2 Label a diagram of the structure of the human eye. //

// The diagram should include the sclera, cornea, conjunctiva, eyelid, choroid, aqueous humour, pupil, lens, iris, vitreous humour, retina, fovea, optic nerve and blind spot. //

// E2.3 Annotate a diagram of the retina to show the cell types and the direction in which light moves. //

// Include names of rod and cone cells, bipolar neurons and ganglion cells. //

// E2.4 Compare rod and cone cells. //

Include: • use in dim light versus bright light • one type sensitive to all visible wavelengths versus three types sensitive to red, blue and green light • passage of impulses from a group of rod cells to a single nerve fibre in the optic nerve versus passage from a single cone cell to a single nerve fibre.

// E2.5 Explain the processing of visual stimuli, including edge enhancement and contralateral processing. // Edge enhancement occurs within the retina and can be demonstrated with the Hermann grid illusion. Contralateral processing is due to the optic chiasma, where the right brain processes information from the left visual field and vice versa. This can be illustrated by the abnormal perceptions of patients with brain lesions. // E2.6 Label a diagram of the ear. //

// Include pinna, eardrum, bones of the middle ear, oval window, round window, semicircular canals, auditory nerve and cochlea. //

// E2.7 Explain how sound is perceived by the ear, including the roles of the eardrum, bones or the middle ear, oval and round windows, and the hair cells of the cochlea. //